Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Revivalism Essay Essay Example

Revivalism Essay â€Å"Revivalism is a dependable Afro-Christian otherworldly everyday citizens signifier that developed during the eighteenth to nineteenth century. At first. it was the local Baptist Christians who united with the Moravians. also, other non-traditionalist places of worship to go the antecedents of the movement. Nonetheless. Jamaica was said to hold encountered an otherworldly movement called the Great Revival in 1861. which saw the joining of significantly more African keeping in the movement. Pocomania is progressively African in signifier while Zion is increasingly Christian situated. † [ 1 ] After fixing to transport this excursion. I was a spot disappointed that I needed to wake up in the extremely early times of the forenoon to travel this â€Å"Watt Town† hike. be that as it may, I despite everything drew closer with a detached head. in spite of the fact that I had an idea of what to foresee. seeing that I was at that point familiar with many Evangelists. Truly I anticipated that it should be a misuse of clasp. yet, after observing the group of my companions. while looking out for the coachs which were booked to take us on our excursion it got simpler and simpler. we occupied with muffles and song of praise we swore were Revivalist hymns yet Mr. Dim quickly busted our air pocket and revealed to us that those songs of devotion were Pentecostal. We will compose a custom paper test on Revivalism Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Revivalism Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Revivalism Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We were welcomed by a semi-lovely however moderate mentor driver. in any case, the vibration in our mentor quickly took our heads off the length of the excursion. I see Evangelists as amazingly otherworldly individuals who are in song with mixers with from arranged realms. known as Heaven. Earth and Ground soul realms. I met with a clump of various Evangelists. in any case, what I found rather intriguing was the way that the core of what they were expressing were comparable yet they were other than numerous subtle contrasts. For outline I met with a grown-up male. whose name is Joseph Whitter. of the Olivette Seventh twenty-four hours church. nd he was by all accounts somewhat regarded in the congregation network. he outrightly expressed toward the start of the discussion that. â€Å"Revivalism is the solitary way to be saved† . we had a protracted treatment on what are my own situations on trust and the hole explanation he made. where I revealed to him that I emphatically can 't help contradicting that announcement and I accept that there is just one God and harmony and love is a definitive end. which everybody should try to achieve. no issue what religion one relates to. I so met with Miss. Barbara Harper of a similar church. Olivette Seventh twenty-four hours church. also, she expressed that individuals should make a trip to any congregation they need to make a trip to and make whatever is truly charming to God. at the point when I referenced what her congregation sibling thought about something very similar. she said that there is no 1 way to secure to paradise and that individuals spend a greater amount of their clasp in rivalry with different sections and religions rather than offering congratulationss to the most high. I snickered a spot and I was in whole comprehension with her announcement. We so begun to talk about her life. also, how she was before she distinguished that Revivalism was for her. I could see that the movement truly helped her and improved her life. before going on I expressed gratitude toward her for being so legitimate and finishing up with me. expressing her that I would hear her out talk any twenty-four hours for she had a wide and loosened head and I completely loathed fanatic disapproved of individuals. who attempt to pressure their methods of reasoning and convictions down people groups pharynxs. At the point when we in the long run showed up at Watt Town. after our overabundance long excursion I had no idea of what I was around to observe. the site resembled nil I had seen previously. I was welcomed by what had appeared to be 100s of individuals. I found that Watt Town was holding what had appeared as though a bury - church show. I saw kids from arranged schools and youthful adults like our self images at that spot to see this exertion. One of the principal things I saw about the Evangelists was they were have oning various regalia in various habits and colorss. I pondered and inquired as to for what reason were they dressed this way and a sort woman disclosed to me that each congregation was spoken to by various outfits. The seal is the point of convergence of the congregation ; this is the place the blessed messengers are accepted to validate themselves. This is the most consecrated nation of the land and is an inviting device. The seal is a prevailing trademark in all evangelist chapels in light of the fact that the seal empowers mixers which come and have the individuals. empowering them to move out their plants of recuperating and love. It is prompted that one should stroll around the seal multiple times to pay respect to the Tribune God. A few seals can be seen with silver coins in them. this is installment to the mixers for their guide. The banners and decorations we saw at the forepart play an extremely of import work in the revivalism. A tall shaft ordinarily denotes a resurgence land. The banners on the post are utilized to attack go throughing mixers. the appealing power of mixers is extremely of import to revivalism since they have faith in numerous mixers and that they can be conciliated or called to help in their day by day lives. Every decoration has its ain expectation. Green methods anything of nature. Blue and white organizations harmony. tap love and reddish bases for the blood of Jesus. After setting out to the highest point of the development. a few stones began to rain from a rooftop top. some hitting my caput. non understanding anything about what was going on yet. I didn’t warmly embrace this. that confounded me more than I previously was. At the point when a gathering of us in the long run got to the top we saw the diverse love circles/petition gathering. what's more, I was satisfied by some as I saw a few circles which were varying with individuals from various houses of worship. this gave me that pride was non an issue and did non obstruct venerate. also, the main end. enhancing the most high. I remained in wonder right after to two love circles and I heard grouped themes. some I had heard previously. some I had non. I knew about vocals, for example, â€Å"Madda de incredible stone got to move† and â€Å"Rock gracious! Rock sanctum. stone Ohio! Rock holy† . Bing an instrumentalist I delighted in this aspect of the trip. putting the keys and the harmony designed advances that would go with their straightforward yet viable tunes. I saw that despite the fact that their regalia were unique. they shared numerous things practically speaking. I saw that a large number of them had caput wraps with grouped bits of letter paper in the wraps. I giggled at this sight since I thought they were taking notes or something. in any case, as I went on and I learned more I found that the pencils. swayers and scissors that I saw resting in their caput wraps had specific importance. The pencils and swayers connotes retouching among the followings. the scissors were hauled around by a particular arrangement of individuals. known as the advisors. who utilize the scissors to truly cut shamelessness from around the people being mended. as exhibited to us by a juvenile grown-up male named Otis. A couple of the Evangelists were other than observed moving around a meter swayer. this was given to individuals who had been populating an equitable life and who were scheduled to be hitched. We saw a few people flushing their face with sugar H2O. this was said to pass on leeway and virtue. the petition wrap was said to represent the Tribe of Judah. as we discovered that. like the Rastafarians there was a cluster of African roots in Revivalism other than. furthermore, they utilized bronzed green and gold to put with Ethiopia and Ghana. At the point when I asked about a light I saw a matured grown-up female moving about. she said that the light other than speaks to recuperating and strict obvious radiation since evangelists don’t stroll in the murkiness. These repairing images were carried from Africa with the slaves and turned into an implicit part of the evangelist mending administrations. As an outcome the current twenty-four hours evangelist has kept up the example. I solicited a few Evangelists from their existent businesss and from the appropriate responses I discovered that they were either twenty-four hours laborers. higglers or anglers. ( more than presumably having a place with the lower classification ) I saw this must hold added to the disdainful mediation by standard and center/upper class Christians. They believe them to be incredibly offbeat. pagan. rough and diverting in ceremonial practices especially when they presume them of rehearsing obi. The hatred stored on the lower class engaged with revivalism can be followed to imperialism. Definition was polished on the estate non only from the situation of Whites to none Whites or yet close to among the inkinesss. The free slave felt himself over the house slave who felt they were better than the field slaves and there was farther separation in that gathering relying upon the pack to which they have a place. Seaga. in his Hagiographas in the 1980’s clarified that Revivalism other than includes various degrees inside its development. There is the Leader who is the cardinal figure of significance ; underneath the pioneer are the shield bearer. shepherd male kid and female parent. The pioneer is neer regularly addressed on the ground for ceremonial perceptions. The ceremonial signifiers of Revivalism takes three significant signifiers, for example, request meeting. road meeting and customs for explicit aims for representation plain arraies. fellowship tables and showers. The gatherings are ordinarily opened to the masses. Revivalism is separated into two gatherings. Zion and Pocomania. Pocomania is progressively African in signifier while Zion is increasingly Christian situated. they are alluded to as 2 diverse rel

Saturday, August 22, 2020

The Different Meanings and Uses of Economic Efficiency

The Different Meanings and Uses of Economic Efficiency As a rule, financial proficiency alludes to a market result that is ideal for society. Â In the setting of government assistance financial aspects, a result that is monetarily effective is one that amplifies the size of the monetary worth pie that a market makes for society. Â In a monetarily productive market result, there are no accessible Pareto enhancements to be made, and the result fulfills what is known as the Kaldor-Hicks rule. All the more explicitly, financial effectiveness is a term normally utilized in microeconomics while talking about creation. Creation of a unit of merchandise is viewed as financially effective when that unit of products is delivered at the most reduced conceivable expense. Financial aspects by Parkin and Bade give a valuable prologue to the distinction between monetary proficiency and mechanical productivity: There are two ideas of proficiency: Technological productivity happens when it is preposterous to expect to build yield without expanding inputs. Monetary productivity happens when the expense of creating a given yield is as low as possible.Technological effectiveness is a designing issue. Given what is innovatively achievable, something should or can't be possible. Financial proficiency relies upon the costs of the variables of creation. Something that is mechanically proficient may not be monetarily productive. In any case, something that is monetarily proficient is in every case innovatively productive. A key point to comprehend is the possibility that financial proficiency happens when the expense of delivering a given yield is as low as could be expected under the circumstances. Theres a shrouded suspicion here, and that is the presumption that all else being equivalent. A change that brings down the nature of the great while simultaneously brings down the expense of creation doesn't increment monetary productivity. The idea of financial effectiveness is just pertinent when the nature of merchandise being created is unaltered.

Sunday, August 9, 2020

tuesday

tuesday 8:00 AM wake up. check my clock and go back to sleep. 9:00 AM actually wake up. i take a shower, stop being naked, and am ready to head out the door by 9:45. 10:00 AM arrive at work. my commute is a foggy, yet warm fifteen minute walk. i tap my id at the elevator and take it to the sixth floor. 10:15 AM standup.01 against my better judgement, ive used a lot of software-engineering-specific terms in this blog post, which might provide insight to people interested in software engineering but will probably just be confusing to others. it doesnt help that most of my working day revolves around said specific terms. also, because software is such a large field, even software engineers will be confused by a lot of software specific terms. to be fair to both groups, ill try and explain any software term that might need a definition in an annotation. standup is a short, daily team meeting where all team members briefly describe what they did yesterday / what theyre going to do today / whats blocking them. i say, yesterday, i fixed some errors in my PR02 PR stands for pull request, a way to request changes to a codebase on github. to separate CKP logs by model and made a PR for sending shopperml 03 the name of a project that my team works on. kubernetes04 honestly, i cant describe kubernetes. even our dorms resident kubernetes expert struggles to explain kubernetes in laymans terms. fully knowing that i am butchering what kubernetes actually does, ill just say that its an important part of deploying the shopperml project. pod logs to cloudwatch logs.05 cloudwatch logs is an AWS service that can monitor logs. logs are important because they can track everything that happens in an application, which can be useful for things like debugging. today, im going to continue working on that. i realize how foreign that sounded even to me just two weeks ago. it was a mixture of software engineering vocabulary and company-specific terms ill forget soon after the internship is over. we point a previously unpointed story in the current sprint06 theres this thing called scrum, which is basically a method of getting work done. in scrum, work is done in (usually) 2-week periods called sprints, and within a sprint there are tasks called stories (synonymous with ticket, task, etc). stories are assigned points by the team as an indicator of how much time the story would take to complete. with leftover time, since standup is scheduled to be fifteen minutes long. 10:30 AM i came in a bit late today, so i dont start checking emails until now. i open up and organize my tabs in this order: slack, jira,07 a software platform that pretty much implements the scrum methodology. github,08 the most commonly used website for version control. everything else. i helps because i switch tabs using cmd+[123] a lot. nobodys reviewed my PR yet.09 in our team, in order for a PR to be accepted and merged into the main codebase, at least two team members need to approve it. :( 10:45 AM i stop trying to figure out what kubernetes is for a moment to walk to the desk of alex y. 20.10 a fellow MIT intern!!! we took 6.UAT together in the spring and we were in the same recitation!! hey alex, do you wanna review my PR? sure, he replies. he reads it for a minute, then says, i cant find anything wrong with this PR. nice. i dont approve PRs that i cant find anything wrong with. what!! unless im requested for review on github. ok, be right back. no!! dont do it!! too late. 11:30 AM usually lunch comes around this time, and tuesdays are good food and the lines are very long, so i head down to the second floor early. when i arrive, the foods not there. saddened, i check slack on my phone to see the message, Lunch is running late. i decide to play beat saber instead. yes, the office has VR, and yes, i play beat saber pretty much every day during lunch. it is amazing. 12:00 PM lunch is make-your-own-burrito, except i make a bowl instead. im second in line, which turns out to be a good idea because five minutes later the lunch line is literally out the door. it turns out to be better than chipotle. 1:00 PM went out to look at the lake for a bit. lake washington is choppy today, and i dont see the usual paddleboard or two out on the water. today is a bit cooler, and the air is crisp. eventually i head back to my desk and stare at AWS documentation. what is kubernetes? 3:00 PM still not much luck with kubernetes. terms involving AWS and fluentd and Pods and DaemonSets and CloudWatch. i feel like i dont even know what i dont know. i munch on chocolate almonds. i get an alert from the ping-pong slack channel: they need a fourth player, so i lock my screen and head downstairs. 4:15 PM after playing a few doubles games with the regular group of players, im back at my desk, ready to accept defeat. i feel like i have all the pieces i need to make this work, but im frustrated because i cant put them together. i dont have authorization to make an IAM role.11 IAM is what AWS uses for managing permissions to do various actions within AWS. its been frustrating because i have limited access to a lot of things, but at the same time its understandable. i turn to my mentor, steven, who sits next to me, and tell him my problem. honestly, i kind of want to just pass this task to someone else so actually, i think ive figured out a way to use the fluentd image without the IAM role stuff. what!! give me five minutes to collect everything ill need to explain to you how this task is actually doable. ok i glace at jira for a couple minutes before steven says, alright and gives a perfectly clear explanation. after a half hour of questions, i see the light. steven is a god. i realize suddenly that the cold brew on tap that had been out of service for a month is back, and i pour myself a cup. for the first time in two weeks, i think i know how to do this task. 5:30 PM after some finagling, i commit and push12 more github lingo that means, made changes. my new proposed method for sending kubernetes logs to cloudwatch. hopefully this time, itll actually work. do i dare say that kubernetes is actually kind of cool? nah, i cant say that. but for now, its time to go home. 6:00 PM arrive at home. i suddenly feel kind of tired and flop onto my bed and kind of lay there for an hour, doing random things on my phone. this happens a lot more often than is mentioned. 13 i feel like we all have these moments where we decide to watch youtube videos at 10pm and then you look at the clock after a moment and its 1am all of a sudden. i try to add someone as a space reservation signatory for Toons on the ASA database.14 ASA isnt a software term, its the MIT Association of Student Activities. i cant tell if i dont have permissions to do that yet, or MIT Engages UI/UX is actually trash. 8:00 PM i need to buy more razors and shampoo, and im also pretty hungry, and theres no food at home. this naturally means im going to go out to get ramen, followed by safeway. did you know seattle has a santouka? well, technically its in bellevue, not seattle, but pretty much. (i reviewed bostons two santouka locations in my ramen post.) one shoyu ramen and safeway trip later, i take an uber back home. 10:00 PM at this point, theres usually a fixed number of things i do, but today it was finishing writing this blog. usually ill be playing a video game or watching jojo or grinding japanese or something like that. ive been meaning to try developing a personal project, but after work i usually dont seem to find the motivation. ??:?? its a good idea to wake up for work tomorrow, so i guess its time to do that. but before i do, i need to wait for the load of laundry i threw in at 11pm. i open up a twitch stream to pass the time. the glow of the computer screen is the only thing that lights up the living room. the washing machine crackles and whirs, pausing occasionally before moving on to the next phase in the washing cycle. Post Tagged #internship #software engineering #summer against my better judgement, i've used a lot of software-engineering-specific terms in this blog post, which might provide insight to people interested in software engineering but will probably just be confusing to others. it doesn't help that most of my working day revolves around said specific terms. also, because software is such a large field, even software engineers will be confused by a lot of software specific terms. to be fair to both groups, i'll try and explain any software term that might need a definition in an annotation. standup is a short, daily team meeting where all team members briefly describe what they did yesterday / what they're going to do today / what's blocking them. back to text ? PR stands for pull request, a way to request changes to a codebase on github. back to text ? the name of a project that my team works on. back to text ? honestly, i can't describe kubernetes. even our dorm's resident kubernetes expert struggles to explain kubernetes in layman's terms. fully knowing that i am butchering what kubernetes actually does, i'll just say that it's an important part of deploying the shopperml project. back to text ? cloudwatch logs is an AWS service that can monitor logs. logs are important because they can track everything that happens in an application, which can be useful for things like debugging. back to text ? there's this thing called scrum, which is basically a method of getting work done. in scrum, work is done in (usually) 2-week periods called sprints, and within a sprint there are tasks called stories (synonymous with ticket, task, etc). stories are assigned points by the team as an indicator of how much time the story would take to complete. back to text ? a software platform that pretty much implements the scrum methodology. back to text ? the most commonly used website for version control. back to text ? in our team, in order for a PR to be accepted and merged into the main codebase, at least two team members need to approve it. back to text ? a fellow MIT intern!!! we took 6.UAT together in the spring and we were in the same recitation!! back to text ? IAM is what AWS uses for managing permissions to do various actions within AWS. it's been frustrating because i have limited access to a lot of things, but at the same time it's understandable. back to text ? more github lingo that means, 'made changes.' back to text ? i feel like we all have these moments where we decide to watch youtube videos at 10pm and then you look at the clock after a moment and it's 1am all of a sudden. back to text ? ASA isn't a software term, it's the MIT Association of Student Activities. back to text ?

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Conflict Throughout All Human Relationships - 1336 Words

Conflict permeates throughout all human relationship. It generally derives from the acknowledgment of the individual uniqueness of all people. Ever individual has experienced things that are distinct to their world. Thus, coloring the lenses from which they see. These experiences create differences in opinions, world views, and values. Individuals must learn how to manage these differences when interacting with others. This individual differentiation can be further intensified in an organizational environment. Interactants within an organization are ostensibly working towards the same organizational goal. However, because of differences in organizational roles and duties, many employees find themselves in opposition. It is up those employees to effectively manage the conflict that dissimilarity creates. That said, this article explores an incident were an employee of a company found himself in a conflict situation. The reference article highlights the choices that the employee, Fran k, made and the deleterious aftereffects (Liberman, 2012). Frank, an employee of FootWorld has been selected to participate in a cross-functional team, within the company, to develop a go-to-market strategy for a new orthopedic technological device. Failing to articulate his conflicting ideas to the team he begins to vent his frustration to coworkers outside of the team. Eventually word is relayed back to those who Frank criticized. Consequently, Frank feels he has become ostracized from theShow MoreRelatedThe Breakfast Club : A Perfect Source For The Study Of Communication Theory1657 Words   |  7 Pagesdisplayed heavily throughout the film is the idea of symbolic convergence. The very root of this theory rests on the idea that humans connect with one another through shared meaning of an event, object, or otherwise stated â€Å"thing†. 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Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Making An Abraham Lincoln Movie - 901 Words

Making an Abraham Lincoln movie can be very tricky and a difficult job. Everybody knows the story of Abraham Lincoln and knows the persona that President Lincoln can give out. Spielberg’s, Ford’s, and Griffith’s Lincoln all did very notable work. Griffith’s Lincoln in Birth of a Nation was a worthy performance by Henabery. Ford’s Young Mr. Lincoln was known as one great over all film. The scenes in the film were spot on and the Lincoln played by young Mr. Henry Fonda was the best in the business in the 1940s. Abe Lincoln in Illinois was produce by a loser known director, John Cromwell, but it was originally based on a play by Robert Sherwood. Abe Lincoln in Illinois was nominated for two Oscars, one of them being for Best Actor. Birth of a Nation, Young Mr. Lincoln, and Abe Lincoln in Illinois make a strong trio of Lincoln films but none of the can surpass Lincoln. 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I am not a big fan of history movies; I didn’t watch the movie Lincoln when the teacher played it in class. I had to play it at home and pay close attention to be able to write a review about it. I ended up watching it twice for about five hours, and I don’t regret it at all; First, I watched it with a friend of mine and second time on my own; several incidents grabbed my attention. The movie was a significant history drama that narrates some major events in the history ofRead MoreMeaning Of Heroism1098 Words   |  5 Pages Heroes can be found everywhere in the world. Some can be found in real life, such as Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth president of the United Sates who led the Union in the war against slavery, and successfully abolished. Others are found stories known by many people, such as Cinderella, who overcame challenges with a kind heart and good deeds. Although heroes are found all over the world in both real life and imagination, what about them makes them heroic? One individual named Oliver Stone, believesRead MoreServand and Transformational Leadership1593 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Servant, Transactional and Transforming leadership model, what does Lincoln, Leo, and Dr. Stockman do well and why? To start with, I want to write about Abraham Lincoln. Most of the articles I read in regards to Lincoln suggest Lincoln as a follower of the â€Å"Constitutional Leadership Model†. Since I have to write in concern to the three styles mentioned above, Transformational Leadership is the one that fits best for Lincoln. â€Å"Transformational Leadership† deals with the issue on how the leadersRead MoreEssay about John F. Kennedy and Abraham Lincoln3151 Words   |  13 PagesJohn F. Kennedy and Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States of America. He served as President when the country was under war. Abe Lincoln was born in 1806 and grew up in the countryside as a pioneer. His mother died at a young age and he had a sister. His father married a widow that had three children and Abe Lincoln liked her very much. Every day he attended school and worked very hard on his fathers farm. John F. Kennedy was born in 1917 and died inRead MoreWhat Does The Phonograph Does For The Ear?1610 Words   |  7 Pagesfilms in the late 1800s, inspiration spread throughout the world. French Louis and Auguste Lumiere were incentivized by the kinetoscope and invented the cinematographe, a device that could project movie images to several spectators. These advances in movie technology made by Edison and Dickson lead to the movie theaters and portable camcorders we have today. Thomas Edison is a great example of how someone can change the world from just a single idea. Another important event on August 31st was in 1980

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Contributing to the UCF Community Free Essays

What qualities or unique characteristics do you possess that would allow you to contribute to the UCF community? If there has been some obstacle or â€Å"bump in the road,† in your academic or personal life, please explain the circumstances. Embodying the qualities of a woo, developer, and competitor, I believe that I could further strengthen the UCF community. As a woo, I win others over- enjoying the challenge of meeting other people and not stopping until they do like me. We will write a custom essay sample on Contributing to the UCF Community or any similar topic only for you Order Now Rarely at a loss for words, learning everyone’s names and finding things in common motivates me to continue making connections and making a stranger a friend. The characteristics of being a woo lead me to be a developer- seeing the potential in everyone. I understand that no two people are the same, and so when I do meet people I hope to help them in the growth to succeed. As a competitor, it allows me to be the developer I am because I don’t like to stop until I know what I came to do is finished. I am completely aware of others around me and thrive off their energy and competitiveness as well. I would take these characteristics and implement them into UCF. I would teach others to be yourself and embrace meeting others, enable the endless possibilities within each individual, and race to the finish line of anything you do with all your might. All my life was based around sports; they were the cheese to my Cheetos and the peanut butter to my jelly. After many captain positions, MVPs, and 1st place trophies, I entered my senior year of high school. However, I tore my ACL at one of the first football practices of the year. When the doctor told me I tore my ACL, I couldn’t believe what I heard. â€Å"Crutching† as fast as I could as if it were the last quarter of the game, I went home and researched what I could do to recover quickly. Each time I watch sporting games and a player goes down, that snapshot in time reoccurs in my mind as if it were featured on ESPN’s Not Top 10 Plays and achieving that number 1 spot. Everything that I worked for now was just a fumble; I realized that I could not just rely solely on sports for achievements in my life- rather, have that athletic talent be my crutch to success. How to cite Contributing to the UCF Community, Papers

Saturday, May 2, 2020

Illuminated Manuscript Origins the Book of Kells free essay sample

Of all the extravagant works of illuminated text, the Book of Kells is one of the most impressive and famous due to the extent of its decoration and incredibly detailed craftsmanship. The authors and location of the Book of Kells are unknown, but there are many theories about its origins because it contains many similarities to Insular manuscripts. 1. History of Illuminated Manuscripts The time period of 1066-1485 AD is classified as the Middle Ages. During this time, all books were written by hand and usually the hands of monks. The first illuminated manuscripts were filled with religious text from the Bible. Later, other important books of literature, politics, and hunting were illuminated at the request of wealthy patrons. During the Medieval time period, the transition between artisans and artists was not yet made. Monks painted to glorify God rather than to gain individual recognition. The subject matter was the main focus of the artwork, not the artist. We will write a custom essay sample on Illuminated Manuscript Origins: the Book of Kells or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This mindset in creating work greatly affected the quality of illuminated manuscripts; artists specialized in one specific field and became experts in their craftsmanship. For example, in the creation of illuminated manuscripts, a monk’s work would be dedicated to being an artist or a scribe. Each page would have to be carefully planned out in order to design space for text and images. Because there are so many occasions where text and image are so intertwined, the â€Å"identity between scribe and artist is among the key unanswered questions about the manuscript. † (Trinity) Many theories believe multiple artists and scribes were involved in the creation of the Book of Kells. Others say that some artists were also scribes. Artists, historians, and even government officials have debated these theories. They all include overlapping elements and each argument contains sufficient data to support the theory. The true origin of the Book of Kells will be difficult to discover. 2. Namesake and Theories of Origins While the place of origin and date of completion are unknown, there are many factors in this book that relate to other illuminated manuscripts. The Book of Kells is strongly believed to have been written by Irish monks. â€Å"At least three scribes and three illustrators (who may or may not have been the scribes themselves) have been identified at the work. . . (256, Megaw) One theory of origins holds that the book was completed and preserved in the town of Kells, Country Meath in Ireland during the Viking invasions in the early ninth century. Other theories believe that the book was started in Iona and then transported to Kells to be finished in safety. Because of the many theories that involve Kells, this town became the most well known namesake of this manuscript. But the Boo k of Kells is also known as the Book of Columba and the Gospel of Columba. This title originated from an Irish monk named Columcille, who founded over two dozen monestaries. No matter where or how it happened, Colum Cille became an important leader in the creation of the Book of Kells. To avoid war and politics, he fled from Ireland to Iona with other monks. In 561 AD, he founded another monastery in Iona that â€Å"became the principle house of a large monastic confederation. † (Trinity). In many theories of origins, this monastery is believed to have been the place of completion of the Book of Kells. The Gospels of the Book of Kells are written in the old Latin, which was used by the Irish Catholic Church. Colum Cille belonged to this church and represented it in his missionary work across Europe. These are just a few of the dots that connect on the map that shows the history of his manuscript. 4. Irish Gospels The introductions of illuminated manuscripts typically contain intricate sets of interlaced geometric patterns known as ‘carpet pages’. In the case of illuminated Gospels, a cross was the central design of these decorative patterns. The main text of the Book of Kells is recognized as a mixed Irish version of the gospels because of the similarities in use of designs. Its preface is similar to the book of Durrow and Armach in the style of the page’s layout. Each gospel is introduced by an entire page design that represents the evangelists’ symbols. For example, the book of Durrow introduces the Gospel of John with a detailed, Celtic-style lion. The famous Chi-Rho page in the Book of Kells is the introduction of Christ’s geneaology. While the detail in the Chi-Rho page surpasses that of the lion, both designs contain similar uses of spirals, knots, and interlacing designs. Also, the color range of the book of Kells is akin to the Irish Lindisfarne and Lichfield gospels and it agrees with the whole group of insular manuscripts in the general trend of its decoration. (213, Henry) For example, one of the oldest Insular designs is a spiral. Other Irish manuscripts use grids or simple curves to decorate the spiral while the book of Kells uses elaborate patterns of animals and people. Other Insular designs include interlacing, angular patterns, and complex knots. 5. Multiple Artists While the Book of Kells may be confidently distinguished as an Insular manuscript, the number of authors is still elusive. â€Å"Within the group of manuscripts produced from insular traditions, there has always been difficulty distinguishing Irish manuscripts from the Anglo-Saxton manuscripts. † (74, Brown) The authors of the Book of Kells could have been from different backgrounds and used different text sources. When comparing the Book of Durrow to the Book of Kells, there is evidence that suggests the Kells’ Gospels are based on more than one manuscript text. 80, Brown) This could suggest that multiple artists worked on the manuscript. The original text could have been lost over the dozens of years it took to complete the Book of Kells. 6. Fact from Fiction Regardless of where the Book of Kells originated or who was involved in its creation, it can validly be identified as a manuscript Insular origins written and illuminated by artistans of the Irish monastaries. Th e strong similarities to other Irish illuminated gospels and the style of decoration supports this theory. Works Cited

Sunday, March 22, 2020

Politics and the English Language by George Orwell free essay sample

Work : Essays : Politics and the English Language (May 1945) Most people who bother with the matter at all would admit that the English language is in a bad way, but it is generally assumed that we cannot by conscious action do anything about it. Our civilization is decadent and our language so the argument runs must inevitably share in the general collapse. It follows that any struggle against the abuse of language is a sentimental archaism, like preferring candles to electric light or hansom cabs to aeroplanes. Underneath this lies the half-conscious belief that language is a natural growth and not an instrument which we shape for our own purposes. Now, it is clear that the decline of a language must ultimately have political and economic causes: it is not due simply to the bad influence of this or that individual writer. But an effect can become a cause, reinforcing the original cause and producing the same effect in an intensified form, and so on indefinitely. We will write a custom essay sample on Politics and the English Language by George Orwell or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A man may take to drink because he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail all the more completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that is happening to the English language. It becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the slovenliness of our language makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts. The point is that the process is reversible. Modern English, especially written English, is full of bad habits which spread by imitation and which can be avoided if one is willing to take the necessary trouble. If one gets rid of these habits one can think more clearly, and to think clearly is a necessary first step toward political regeneration: so that the fight against bad English is not frivolous and is not the exclusive concern of professional writers. I will come back to this presently, and I hope that by that time the meaning of what I have said here will have become clearer. Meanwhile, here are five specimens of the English language as it is now habitually written. These five passages have not been picked out because they are especially bad I could have quoted far worse if I had chosen but because they llustrate various of the mental vices from which we now suffer. They are a little below the average, but are fairly representative examples. I number them so that I can refer back to them when necessary: I am not, indeed, sure whether it is not true to say that the Milton who once seemed not unlike a seventeenth-century Shelley had not become, out of an experience ever more bitter i n each year, more alien [sic] to the founder of that Jesuit sect which nothing could induce him to tolerate. Professor Harold Laski (Essay in Freedom of Expression ) Above all, we cannot play ducks and drakes with a native battery of idioms which prescribes egregious collocations of vocables as the Basic put up with for tolerate , or put at a loss for bewilder . Professor Lancelot Hogben (Interglossia ) On the one side we have the free personality: by definition it is not neurotic, for it has neither conflict nor dream. Its desires, such as they are, are transparent, for they are just what institutional approval keeps in the forefront of consciousness; another institutional pattern would alter their number and intensity; there is little in them that is natural, irreducible, or culturally dangerous. But on the other side ,the social bond itself is nothing but the mutual reflection of these self-secure integrities. Recall the definition of love. Is not this the very picture of a small academic? Where is there a place in this hall of mirrors for either personality or fraternity? Essay on psychology in Politics (New York ) All the best people from the gentlemens clubs, and all the frantic fascist captains, united in common hatred of Socialism and bestial horror at the rising tide of the mass revolutionary movement, have turned to acts of provocation, to foul incendiarism, to medieval legends of poisoned wells, to legalize their own destruction of proletarian organizations, and rouse the agitated petty-bourgeoise to chauvinistic fervor on behalf of the fight against the revolutionary way out of the crisis. Communist pamphlet If a new spirit is to be infused into this old country, there is one thorny and contentious reform which must be tackled, and that is the humanization and galvanization of the B. B. C. Timidity here will bespeak canker and atrophy of the soul. The heart of Britain may be sound and of strong beat, for instance, but the British lions roar at present is like that of Bottom in Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream as gentle as any sucking dove. A virile new Britain cannot continue indefinitely to be traduced in the eyes or rather ears, of the world by the effete languors of Langham Place, brazenly masquerading as standard English. When the Voice of Britain is heard at nine oclock, better far and infinitely less ludicrous to hear aitches honestly dropped than the present priggish, inflated, inhibited, school-maamish arch braying of blameless bashful mewing maidens! Letter in Tribune Each of these passages has faults of its own, but, quite apart from avoidable ugliness, two qualities are common to all of them. The first is staleness of imagery; the other is lack of precision. The writer either has a meaning and cannot express it, or he inadvertently says something else, or he is almost indifferent as to whether his words mean anything or not. This mixture of vagueness and sheer incompetence is the most marked characteristic of modern English prose, and especially of any kind of political writing. As soon as certain topics are raised, the concrete melts into the abstract and no one seems able to think of turns of speech that are not hackneyed: prose consists less and less of words chosen for the sake of their meaning, and more and more of phrases tacked together like the sections of a prefabricated henhouse. I list below, with notes and examples, various of the tricks by means of which the work of prose construction is habitually dodged: Dying metaphors. A newly invented metaphor assists thought by evoking a visual image, while on the other hand a metaphor which is technically dead (e. g. iron resolution ) has in effect reverted to being an ordinary word and can generally be used without loss of vividness. But in between these two classes there is a huge dump of worn-out metaphors which have lost all evocative power and are merely used because they save people he trouble of inventing phrases for themselves. Examples are: Ring the changes on, take up the cudgel for, toe the line, ride roughshod over, stand shoulder to shoulder with, play into the hands of, no axe to grind, grist to the mill, fishing in troubled waters, on the order of the day, Achilles heel, swan song, hotbed . Many of these are used without knowledge of their meaning (what is a rift, for instance? ), and incompatible met aphors are frequently mixed, a sure sign that the writer is not interested in what he is saying. Some metaphors now current have been twisted out of their original meaning without those who use them even being aware of the fact. For example, toe the line is sometimes written as tow the line. Another example is the hammer and the anvil, now always used with the implication that the anvil gets the worst of it. In real life it is always the anvil that breaks the hammer, never the other way about: a writer who stopped to think what he was saying would avoid perverting the original phrase. Operators or verbal false limbs. These save the trouble of picking out appropriate verbs and nouns, and at the same time pad each sentence with extra syllables which give it an appearance of symmetry. Characteristic phrases are render inoperative, militate against, make contact with, be subjected to, give rise to, give grounds for, have the effect of, play a leading part (role) in, make itself felt, take effect, exhibit a tendency to, serve the purpose of, etc. etc. The keynote is the elimination of simple verbs. Instead of being a single word, such as break, stop, spoil, mend, kill, a verb becomes a phrase, made up of a noun or adjective tacked on to some general-purpose verb such as prove, serve, form, play, render. In addition, the passive voice is wherever possible used in preference to the active, and noun constructions are used instead of gerunds (by examination of instead of by examining). The range of verbs is further cut down by means of the -ize and de- formations, and the banal statements are given an appearance of profundity by means of the not un- formation. Simple conjunctions and prepositions are replaced by such phrases as with respect to, having regard to, the fact that, by dint of, in view of, in the interests of, on the hypothesis that; and the ends of sentences are saved by anticlimax by such resounding commonplaces as greatly to be desired, cannot e left out of account, a development to be expected in the near future, deserving of serious consideration, brought to a satisfactory conclusion, and so on and so forth. Pretentious diction. Words like phenomenon, element, individual (as noun), objective, categorical, effective, virtual, basic, primary, promote, constitute, exhibit, exploit, utilize, eliminate, liquidate, are used to dress up a simple statement and give an air of scientific impartiality to biased judgements. Adjectives like epoch-making, epic, historic, unforgettable, triumphant, age-old, inevitable, inexorable, veritable, are used to dignify the sordid process of international politics, while writing that aims at glorifying war usually takes on an archaic colour, its characteristic words being: realm, throne, chariot, mailed fist, trident, sword, shield, buckler, banner, jackboot, clarion. Foreign words and expressions such as cul de sac, ancien regime, deus ex machina, mutatis mutandis, status quo, gleichschaltung, weltanschauung , are used to give an air of culture and elegance. Except for the useful abbreviations i. e. , e. g. and etc. , there is no real need for any of the hundreds of foreign phrases now current in the English language. Bad writers, and especially scientific, political, and sociological writers, are nearly always haunted by the notion that Latin or Greek words are grander than Saxon ones, and unnecessary words like expedite, ameliorate, predict, extraneous, deracinated, clandestine, subaqueous , and hundreds of others constantly gain ground from their Anglo-Saxon numbers. The jargon peculiar to Marxist writing (hyena, hangman, cannibal, petty bourgeois, these gentry, lackey, flunkey, mad dog, White Guard, etc. ) consists largely of words translated from Russian, German, or French; but the normal way of coining a new word is to use Latin or Greek root with the appropriate affix and, where necessary, the size formation. It is often easier to make up words of this kind (deregionalize, impermissible, extramarital, non-fragmentary and so forth) than to think up the English words that will cover ones meaning. The result, in general, is an increase in slovenliness and vagueness. Meaningless words. In certain kinds of writing, particularly in art criticism and literary criticism, it is normal to come across long passages which are almost completely lacking in meaning. Words like romantic, plastic, values, human, dead, sentimental, natural, vitality, as used in art criticism, are strictly meaningless, in the sense that they not only do not point to any discoverable object, but are hardly ever expected to do so by the reader. When one critic writes, The outstanding feature of Mr. Xs work is its living quality, while another writes, The immediately striking thing about Mr. Xs work is its peculiar deadness, the reader accepts this as a simple difference opinion. If words like black and white were involved, instead of the jargon words dead and living, he would see at once that language was being used in an improper way. Many political words are similarly abused. The word Fascism has now no meaning except in so far as it signifies something not desirable. The words democracy, socialism, freedom, patriotic, realistic, justice have each of them several different meanings which cannot be reconciled with one another. In the case of a word like democracy, not only is there no agreed definition, but the attempt to make one is resisted from all sides. It is almost universally felt that when we call a country democratic we are praising it: consequently the defenders of every kind of regime claim that it is a democracy, and fear that they might have to stop using that word if it were tied down to any one meaning. Words of this kind are often used in a consciously dishonest way. That is, the person who uses them has his own private definition, but allows his hearer to think he means something quite different. Statements like Marshal Petain was a true patriot, The Soviet press is the freest in the world, The Catholic Church is opposed to persecution, are almost always made with intent to deceive. Other words used in variable meanings, in most cases more or less dishonestly, are: class, totalitarian, science, progressive, reactionary, bourgeois, equality. Now that I have made this catalogue of swindles and perversions, let me give another example of the kind of writing that they lead to. This time it must of its nature be an imaginary one. I am going to translate a passage of good English into modern English of the worst sort. Here is a well-known verse from Ecclesiastes: I returned and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favour to men of skill; but time and chance happeneth to them all. Here it is in modern English: Objective considerations of contemporary phenomena compel the conclusion that success or failure in competitive activities exhibits no tendency to be commensurate with innate capacity, but that a considerable element of the unpredictable must invariably be taken into account. This is a parody, but not a very gross one. Exhibit (3) above, for instance, contains several patches of the same kind of English. It will be seen that I have not made a full translation. The beginning and ending of the sentence follow the original meaning fairly closely, but in the middle the concrete illustrations race, battle, bread dissolve into the vague phrases success or failure in competitive activities. This had to be so, because no modern writer of the kind I am discussing no one capable of using phrases like objective considerations of contemporary phenomena would ever tabulate his thoughts in that precise and detailed way. The whole tendency of modern prose is away from concreteness. Now analyze these two sentences a little more closely. The first contains forty-nine words but only sixty syllables, and all its words are those of everyday life. The second contains thirty-eight words of ninety syllables: eighteen of those words are from Latin roots, and one from Greek. The first sentence contains six vivid images, and only one phrase (time and chance) that could be called vague. The second contains not a single fresh, arresting phrase, and in spite of its ninety syllables it gives only a shortened version of the meaning contained in the first. Yet without a doubt it is the second kind of sentence that is gaining ground in modern English. I do not want to exaggerate. This kind of writing is not yet universal, and outcrops of simplicity will occur here and there in the worst-written page. Still, if you or I were told to write a few lines on the uncertainty of human fortunes, we should probably come much nearer to my imaginary sentence than to the one from Ecclesiastes. As I have tried to show, modern writing at its worst does not consist in picking out words for the sake of their meaning and inventing images in order to make the meaning clearer. It consists in gumming together long strips of words which have already been set in order by someone else, and making the results presentable by sheer humbug. The attraction of this way of writing is that it is easy. It is easier even quicker, once you have the habit to say In my opinion it is not an unjustifiable assumption that than to say I think. If you use ready-made phrases, you not only dont have to hunt about for the words; you also dont have to bother with the rhythms of your sentences since these phrases are generally so arranged as to be more or less euphonious. When you are composing in a hurry when you are dictating to a stenographer, for instance, or making a public speech it is natural to fall into a pretentious, Latinized style. Tags like a consideration which we should do well to bear in mind or a conclusion to which all of us would readily assent will save many a sentence from coming down with a bump. By using stale metaphors, similes, and idioms, you save much mental effort, at the cost of leaving your meaning vague, not only for your reader but for yourself. This is the significance of mixed metaphors. The sole aim of a metaphor is to call up a visual image. When these images clash as in The Fascist octopus has sung its swan song, the jackboot is thrown into the melting pot it can be taken as certain that the writer is not seeing a mental image of the objects he is naming; in other words he is not really thinking. Look again at the examples I gave at the beginning of this essay. Professor Laski (1) uses five negatives in fifty three words. One of these is superfluous, making nonsense of the whole passage, and in addition there is the slip alien for akin making further nonsense, and several avoidable pieces of clumsiness which increase the general vagueness. Professor Hogben (2) plays ducks and drakes with a battery which is able to write prescriptions, and, while disapproving of the everyday phrase put up with, is unwilling to look egregious up in the dictionary and see what it means; (3), if one takes an uncharitable attitude towards it, is simply meaningless: probably one could work out its intended meaning by reading the whole of the article in which it occurs. In (4), the writer knows more or less what he wants to say, but an accumulation of stale phrases chokes him like tea leaves blocking a sink. In (5), words and meaning have almost parted company. People who write in this manner usually have a general emotional meaning they dislike one thing and want to express solidarity with another but they are not interested in the detail of what they are saying. A scrupulous writer, in every sentence that he writes, will ask himself at least four questions, thus: What am I trying to say? What words will express it? What image or idiom will make it clearer? Is this image fresh enough to have an effect? And he will probably ask himself two more: Could I put it more shortly? Have I said anything that is avoidably ugly? But you are not obliged to go to all this trouble. You can shirk it by simply throwing your mind open and letting the ready-made phrases come crowding in. The will construct your sentences for you even think your thoughts for you, to a certain extent and at need they will perform the important service of partially concealing your meaning even from yourself. It is at this point that the special connection between politics and the debasement of language becomes clear. In our time it is broadly true that political writing is bad writing. Where it is not true, it will generally be found that the writer is some kind of rebel, expressing his private opinions and not a party line. Orthodoxy, of whatever colour, seems to demand a lifeless, imitative style. The political dialects to be found in pamphlets, leading articles, manifestos, White papers and the speeches of undersecretaries do, of course, vary from party to party, but they are all alike in that one almost never finds in them a fresh, vivid, homemade turn of speech. When one watches some tired hack on the platform mechanically repeating the familiar phrases bestial, atrocities, iron heel, bloodstained tyranny, free peoples of the world, stand shoulder to shoulder one often has a curious feeling that one is not watching a live human being but some kind of dummy: a feeling which suddenly becomes stronger at moments when the light catches the speakers spectacles and turns them into blank discs which seem to have no eyes behind them. And this is not altogether fanciful. A speaker who uses that kind of phraseology has gone some distance toward turning himself into machine. The appropriate noises are coming out of his larynx, but his brain is not involved, as it would be if he were choosing his words for himself. If the speech he is making is one that he is accustomed to make over and over again, he may be almost unconscious of what he is saying, as one is when one utters the responses in church. And this reduced state of consciousness, if not indi spensable, is at any rate favourable to political conformity. In our time, political speech and writing are largely the defence of the indefensible. Things like the continuance of British rule in India, the Russian purges and deportations, the dropping of the atom bombs on Japan, can indeed be defended, but only by arguments which are too brutal for most people to face, and which do not square with the professed aims of the political parties. Thus political language has to consist largely of euphemism, question-begging and sheer cloudy vagueness. Defenceless villages are bombarded from the air, the inhabitants driven out into the countryside, the cattle machine-gunned, the huts set on fire with incendiary bullets: this is called pacification. Millions of peasants are robbed of their farms and sent trudging along the roads with no more than they can carry: this is called transfer of population or rectification of frontiers. People are imprisoned for years without trial, or shot in the back of the neck or sent to die of scurvy in Arctic lumber camps: this is called elimination of unreliable elements. Such phraseology is needed if one wants to name things without calling up mental pictures of them. Consider for instance some comfortable English professor defending Russian totalitarianism. He cannot say outright, I believe in killing off your opponents when you can get good results by doing so. Probably, therefore, he will say something like this: While freely conceding that the Soviet regime exhibits certain features which the humanitarian may be inclined to deplore, we must, I think, agree that a certain curtailment of the right to political opposition is an unavoidable concomitant of transitional periods, and that the rigors which the Russian people have been called upon to undergo have been amply justified in the sphere of concrete achievement. The inflated style itself is a kind of euphemism. A mass of Latin words falls upon the facts like soft snow, blurring the outline and covering up all the details. The great enemy of clear language is insincerity. When there is a gap between ones real and ones declared aims, one turns as it were instinctively to long words and exhausted idioms, like a cuttlefish spurting out ink. In our age there is no such thing as keeping out of politics. All issues are political issues, and politics itself is a mass of lies, evasions, folly, hatred, and schizophrenia. When the general atmosphere is bad, language must suffer. I should expect to find this is a guess which I have not sufficient knowledge to verify that the German, Russian and Italian languages have all deteriorated in the last ten or fifteen years, as a result of dictatorship. But if thought corrupts language, language can also corrupt thought. A bad usage can spread by tradition and imitation even among people who should and do know better. The debased language that I have been discussing is in some ways very convenient. Phrases like a not unjustifiable assumption, leaves much to be desired, would serve no good purpose, a consideration which we should do well to bear in mind, are a continuous temptation, a packet of aspirins always at ones elbow. Look back through this essay, and for certain you will find that I have again and again committed the very faults I am protesting against. By this mornings post I have received a pamphlet dealing with conditions in Germany. The author tells me that he felt impelled to write it. I open it at random, and here is almost the first sentence I see: [The Allies] have an opportunity not only of achieving a radical transformation of Germanys social and political structure in such a way as to avoid a nationalistic reaction in Germany itself, but at the same time of laying the foundations of a co-operative and unified Europe. You see, he feels impelled to write feels, presumably, that he has something new to say and yet his words, like cavalry horses answering the bugle, group themselves automatically into the familiar dreary pattern. This invasion of ones mind by ready-made phrases (lay the foundations, achieve a radical transformation) can only be prevented if one is constantly on guard against them, and every such phrase anaesthetizes a portion of ones brain. I said earlier that the decadence of our language is probably cura ble. Those who deny this would argue, if they produced an argument at all, that language merely reflects existing social conditions, and that we cannot influence its development by any direct tinkering with words and constructions. So far as the general tone or spirit of a language goes, this may be true, but it is not true in detail. Silly words and expressions have often disappeared, not through any evolutionary process but owing to the conscious action of a minority. Two recent examples were explore every avenue and leave no stone unturned, which were killed by the jeers of a few journalists. There is a long list of flyblown metaphors which could similarly be got rid of if enough people would interest themselves in the job; and it should also be possible to laugh the not un- formation out of existence, to reduce the amount of Latin and Greek in the average sentence, to drive out foreign phrases and strayed scientific words, and, in general, to make pretentiousness unfashionable. But all these are minor points. The defence of the English language implies more than this, and perhaps it is best to start by saying what it does not imply. To begin with it has nothing to do with archaism, with the salvaging of obsolete words and turns of speech, or with the setting up of a standard English which must never be departed from. On the contrary, it is especially concerned with the scrapping of every word or idiom which has outworn its usefulness. It has nothing to do with correct grammar and syntax, which are of no importance so long as one makes ones meaning clear, or with the avoidance of Americanisms, or with having what is called a good prose style. On the other hand, it is not concerned with fake simplicity and the attempt to make written English colloquial. Nor does it even imply in every case preferring the Saxon word to the Latin one, though it does imply using the fewest and shortest words that will cover ones meaning. What is above all needed is to let the meaning choose the word, and not the other way around. In prose, the worst thing one can do with words is surrender to them. When you think of a concrete object, you think wordlessly, and then, if you want to describe the thing you have been visualising you probably hunt about until you find the exact words that seem to fit it. When you think of something abstract you are more inclined to use words from the start, and unless you make a conscious effort to prevent it, the existing dialect will come rushing in and do the job for you, at the expense of blurring or even changing your meaning. Probably it is better to put off using words as long as possible and get ones meaning as clear as one can through pictures and sensations. Afterward one can choose not simply accept the phrases that will best cover the meaning, and then switch round and decide what impressions ones words are likely to make on another person. This last effort of the mind cuts out all stale or mixed images, all prefabricated phrases, needless repetitions, and humbug and vagueness generally. But one can often be in doubt about the effect of a word or a phrase, and one needs rules that one can rely on when instinct fails. I think the following rules will cover most cases: Never use a metaphor, simile, or other figure of speech which you are used to seeing in print. Never us a long word where a short one will do. If it is possible to cut a word out, always cut it out. Never use the passive where you can use the active. Never use a foreign phrase, a scientific word, or a jargon word if you can think of an everyday English equivalent. Break any of these rules sooner than say anything outright barbarous. These rules sound elementary, and so they are, but they demand a deep change of attitude in anyone who has grown used to writing in the style now fashionable. One could keep all of them and still write bad English, but one could not write the kind of stuff that I quoted in those five specimens at the beginning of this article. I have not here been considering the literary use of language, but merely language as an instrument for expressing and not for concealing or preventing thought. Stuart Chase and others have come near to claiming that all abstract words are meaningless, and have used this as a pretext for advocating a kind of political quietism. Since you dont know what Fascism is, how can you struggle against Fascism? One need not swallow such absurdities as this, but one ought to recognise that the present political chaos is connected with the decay of language, and that one can probably bring about some improvement by starting at the verbal end. If you simplify your English, you are freed from the worst follies of orthodoxy. You cannot speak any of the necessary dialects, and when you make a stupid remark its stupidity will be obvious, even to yourself. Political language and with variations this is true of all political parties, from Conservatives to Anarchists is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind. One cannot change this all in a moment, but one can at least change ones own habits, and from time to time one can even, if one jeers loudly enough, send some worn-out and useless phrase some jackboot, Achilles heel, hotbed, melting pot, acid test, veritable inferno, or other lump of verbal refuse into the dustbin, where it belongs.

Thursday, March 5, 2020

My Vision Statement for Google Essays

My Vision Statement for Google Essays My Vision Statement for Google Essay My Vision Statement for Google Essay Creating a Compelling Vision Google started out as being Just a very powerful, simple and intuitive search engine. Today, Google seems to have its hands in Just about everything from Maps, Shopping, Finance, You Tube, Email, Mobile Android SO to creating very innovative, cutting edge technology Like a drivels car. Googles customer base is everyone around the world who uses a computer. Goggles core values and why they are Important to them re as follows: 1) We want to work with great people Their success Is only as good as the people they hire 2) Technology innovation is our lifeblood Google is all about technology and the services behind the technology. Without technology, what would they be? 3) Working at Google is fun Of course every employee, not just at Google fundamentally has to enjoy what he or she is doing. If you are not enjoying what you do and hate your Job, your not happy, productivity suffers and at some point you start looking for another Job. Be actively Involved; you are Google When you work for Google, you represent Google so one must present them in a professional, moral and ethical manner. 5) Dont take success for granted Accompany should ever rest on its laurels and think that it will always successful no matter what. There is always someone else out there that is waiting for the opportunity to knock you down. 6) Do the right thing; dont b e evil Being honest, having integrity and always doing the right thing Is crucial for any business. At some point, doing the wrong thing will reface Its ugly head and can be catastrophic, Like Enron. 7) Earn customer and user loyalty and respect every day Creating new, Innovative and quality products and services will help keep your fan-base and ensure success in the company 8) Sustainable long-term growth and profitability is key to our success Everyone that works at Google needs to see and treat the company like it is their company. Work smart, efficient and keep company spending reasonable. 9) Google cares about and supports the communities where we work and live Every company should give back, Its doing the right thing for others less fortunate, It makes everyone feel good, makes the world a better place and its good for PR. According to Elaine J. Horn, Business News Daily Contributor A vision statement is a declaration of a companys goals for the midterm or long-term future. Ranging from one line to several paragraphs, a vision statement identifies what the company would like to achieve or accomplish. A good vision statement provides the inspiration for the daily operations of a business and molds Its strategic decisions. The benefit of a vision statement Is to etch In stone the executives own views about the short-term and long-term direction and future of their organization. It guides medieval managerial decision-making and provides direction to form departmental missions, objectives and create strategies. It motivates, inspires and has a purpose-driven message that employees can commit to, and helps the overall company prepare for the future. My vision statement for Google products, services available while discovering untapped areas to help the world access and use information around the globe. Google would communicate the vision through multiple means utilizing written form, audio/visual, speeches, interviews and press releases by the organizations leaders to deliver the message to the stakeholders, employees, vendors and customers. HRS would be responsible for seeking and interviewing potential employees who demonstrate the characteristics Google is looking for in order to carry out that vision. Once hired, the vision would be incorporated in their new employee on-boarding and ongoing training program through written form and audio/visual means.

Tuesday, February 18, 2020

Risk management of issues associated with high speed access for Essay

Risk management of issues associated with high speed access for schools and libraries - Essay Example They comprise Trojan horses, viruses, worms, adware, spyware, just to mention but a few. Key-logging is also considered as a malware since it involves using software to record keyboard keys pressed by an in order to monitor their actions of on the computer. All these are considered as criminal activities since they can be used to acquire information from people, as well as invade their privacy without their consent (Vacca 43). Bad work ethics demonstrated by IT workers, librarians, and managers can lead to criminal activities. For instance, if a IT worker gives out access codes that safeguards an organization’s secrets, the secrets may reach the wrong hands. This may have detrimental effects to the organization. On the other hand, a librarian should not give a library’s access codes to a third party who is not registered or is not subscribed to the library. This is because he or she would be breaching the library’s policies as regard to its mode of operation. Lastly, managers, especially bank managers should be careful not reveal their bank’s secret codes. This is because the information may get to the wrong people who may use them to rob the bank. In conclusion, it is essential to note that internet threats affect both individuals and leading organizations. Therefore, it is the responsibility of everyone to be wary of hackers, key-loggers, and malware software. This is because they can be used to acquire vital information that can be detrimental to an individual as well as an

Monday, February 3, 2020

The Law Of The Contract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Law Of The Contract - Essay Example Owing to this delay and damages, the firm suffered losses for not being able to complete the job in time. Dodgy Developers then decided to holdback payments of bills and in addition intended to claim losses from the supplier. In reply, Office Supplies asked for full payment and indicated that reimbursement of any losses is not a binding as per their 'Terms & Conditions 'of contract which state as below: Following these developments, Dodgy Developers desired to seek expert advises on the applicability of the above clause in particular. The following sections attempt to analyze and assess the situation for Dodgy Developers under the ambit of the 'English Contract Law' and advice appropriate line of action. required goods. The supplier or trader is 'Office Supplies' who further appointed an independent agent called 'Shifty Shifters' for transporting and delivering goods (workstations) to the buyer. The urgency of the project required Dodgy developers to call on their known supplier (had earlier business relations) 'Office Supplies' for supply of required workstations positively by 28th November. Office Supplies promptly expressed their acceptance by sending standard 'Terms & Conditions' of contracts. Under these circumstances this is a combination of oral and written contract and as both the supplier and buyer intended to conduct business, it is a valid contract [2]. The point here is that this is more of a unilateral contract on the supplier's terms and conditions and here 'time is the essence of contract' [3]. Another important point is that the supplier and purchaser having done such business before, are known to each other and under the eye of the law this is undoubtedly a "special relationship" validating the 'duty of care' [4] where both parties are required to proceed with a caring attitude of business dealings (For example see-Hedley Byrne & Co v Heller and Partners (1964). Here, the buyer was only prudent to rely on Office Supplies, his special sourcing point as he did on many previous occasions and under this condition the supplier is also expected, though not compulsorily, to extend a mutually risk-free and friendly term of contract. Esthetically, trust should not be responded by mistrust or by any terms protecting or camouflaging negligent conduct. The Applicable Laws & Legislations The principal laws governing contract in the UK are- the sale of goods Act, 1979, the supply of goods and services Act, 1982, Unfair contract terms Act, 1977 and the Unfair Terms in consumer contracts Regulations, 1994 [1]. However, in case of business-contract (as in this case), the supplier and the buyer can mutually and knowingly declare to impose some restriction clauses or provisions as 'Terms and Conditions' of contracts. Importantly, a trader dealing with a consumer, or dealing with any customer on his own written standard terms of business, cannot exclude or restrict his liability for breach of contract or allow himself to provide an inadequate service unless he can show that the clause satisfies the "test of reasonableness" [5]. Thus, even tough the case is legal; the supplier may not breach any common law duty in the form of protection clauses or terms and conditi

Sunday, January 26, 2020

Patient Case Studies for Accurate Nursing Assessments

Patient Case Studies for Accurate Nursing Assessments Jon Teegardin Performing accurate nursing assessments on patients establishes a baseline of information regarding a patient’s complaint and history of present illness. The patients represented in this paper are not real, instead they are created to allow for examples of basic nursing assessments. This paper will assess two patients, one with chronic lower back pain and one with psychiatric and substance abuse complaints. Patient one The first patient is a 45 year old female who presents to the emergency room after arriving by private vehicle with a complaint of lower back pain with radiation down the right leg to the foot. My assessment of the patient begins when I go to the lobby and call the patients name. The patient ambulates with an even steady gait to the examination room. The patient does not require assistance ambulating. Once in the examination room, privacy is provided and an interview and full assessment are conducted. After introducing myself, the patient is identified using two identifiers, name and birthdate. The information provided by the patient is verified against the chart and an identifying wristband is applied. The chief complaint is then verified using an open ended question: Can you tell me why you are visiting the emergency room today? The patient’s response is â€Å"Back in 20012 I injured my back when my boyfriend was drunk and he slammed me against a wall. The doctor told me I had several ruptured discs in my back and it hurts so bad tonight I can’t stand it. The pain started about three days ago and has gotten progressively worse. I reassure the patient that she will be treated as soon as we can get the doctor in the room (Jarvis, 2012). The patient then asks for an emesis bag and states â€Å"I’m hurting so bad I think I’m going to throw up†. An emesis bag is provided. The patient retches several times and spits into the bag. No vomitus is noted . I continue with my interview by asking about the patients’ health history (Jarvis, 2012). I ask the patient about medication allergies. The patient states she is allergic to penicillin’s. Next I ask the patient about any medications she currently takes. The patient reports she takes the following medications: Xanax, 1 milligram 3 times per day, Gabapentin, 400 milligrams 3 times per day, Vicodin 10mg-325mg every 4 hours for pain, Lisinopril 20 milligrams, every day, Simvastatin 40 milligrams every day, Cyclobenzaprine, 20 milligrams every 6 hours, Ultram, 50 milligrams every 8 hours as needed for pain. When asked for a primary care physician, the patient states â€Å"I have recently switched doctors and I have an appointment on Wednesday with my new doctor. The patient presents an appointment card for a local physician. The patient is next asked about her medical history. The patient reports a history of hypertension, high cholesterol, anxiety, and ruptured discs in her lower back. The patient reports a surgical history of bilateral breast augmentation, bilateral tubal ligation, appendectomy, total hysterectomy, and tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy. When questioned about any surgical interventions for her back, the patient states â€Å"I don’t have insurance so I can’t afford to get any surgery on my back†. The patient reports a family history of hypertension, anxiety, and depression on her mother’s side. She also reports smoking 1 pack of cigarettes per day for 10 years but quit smoking 15 years ago. With my initial interview complete, the physical assessment begins (Jarvis, 2012). The patient is placed in a hospital gown for the examination. Vital signs are obtained. The blood pressure is 168/109 in the left arm, 166/106 in the right arm, heart rate is 79, oral temperature is 98.5, respirations are 16 per minute, oxygen saturation is 97% on room air, and the patient rates her pain on a numeric scale as a 10 out of 10 in her lower back. She describes the pain as a sharp, constant pain that is aggravated with movement, and helped with medication. She also relates radiation of the pain to her right leg as a burning sensation. The patient has shoulder length hair that is clean and well groomed. She denies any hearing problems, visual problems, congestion or cough. No drainage is noted from her ears, the eyes are clear with no redness or conjunctiva. Pupils are equal and reactive to light. Nares are clear bilaterally without swelling. The patient has good dentition with evidence of d ental intervention with fillings visible in three teeth. The lips, tongue, oral mucosa, and uvula are unremarkable. Facial symmetry is good with no drooping. The patient’s neck is supple with full range of motion and the trachea is midline. Respirations are clear and even bilaterally. The heart is auscultated and is strong and even at 78 beats per minute. Normal S1 and S2 are present. The patient denies any pain or mass in the breasts and reports that she self-examines monthly and her last mammogram was two years ago. Hand grips are strong and equal, radial pulses are strong and equal bilaterally. The abdomen is soft and non-tender to palpation. Bowel sounds are present in all four quadrants. A healed surgical scar is noted in the lower right quadrant. The patient denies any incontinence of bladder or bowel, and reports nausea and vomiting related to her back pain. The back is grossly unremarkable, and is tender to palpation in the area from L1 to L5. The patient denies any b urning or pain on urination, and denies flank pain. The patient reports a burning sensation down the right leg to the foot. Foot strength equal bilaterally, with strong bilateral pedal pulses. A scar is noted on the anterior right lower extremity distal to the patella. The patient reports that she accidently cut herself there as a child and required stitches to close the laceration. The patient’s mood and affect are appropriate for her age and the current situation. Her speech is clear. The patient is reassured that the physician will see her and the bed is verified to be in its lowest position with the wheels locked. The call light button is explained to the patient and placed within easy reach. The patient is reminded to request assistance prior to ambulating. Summary of findings My summary of finding is that the patient appears to be suffering from chronic back pain related to a traumatic injury in her past, and has uncontrolled hypertension related to noncompliance with her medication regimen. SOAP note S: Patient reports excruciating back pain radiating to the right leg, with nausea and vomiting prior to arrival. She also reports being out of her prescription medications which include a blood pressure medication. O: the patients’ blood pressure is elevated at 168/109, the lower back is tender to palpation. The patient ambulates without assistance but appears to be in mild distress. A: Nontoxic appearing white female that appears consistent with her stated age of 45 years old. EENT within normal limits. PERRLA at 3mm. Facial symmetry equal with no facial droop noted. The neck is supple and trachea is midline. Regular apical rate with S1 and S2. No S3 or S4 noted. Hand grips strong and equal bilaterally. Radial pulses strong and equal bilaterally. Respirations are even and unlabored. Lungs clear to auscultation bilaterally. The abdomen is soft and non-tender. Bowel sounds present in all four quadrants. Tender in the lower back region from L1 to L5 with radiation of pain to the right leg. No vomiting noted during assessment. Denies diarrhea. Denies urinary symptoms. Leg strength strong and equal bilaterally. Ambulates without difficulty or assistance. Pedal pulses present with no edema noted in lower extremities. P: Patient placed on non-invasive blood pressure monitoring and positioned for comfort. Expect MD orders for oral anti-hypertensive to reduce blood pressure and intramuscular injection of narcotic pain medication with antiemetic to control nausea and vomiting. Prepare patient for X-ray of lumbar spine region, and possible CT of the same area. A urine pregnancy test is contraindicated because of history of hysterectomy. Potential for admission to hospital for consult with orthopedist and surgical intervention. Patient two The second patient is a 62 year old female who has a chief complaint of alcohol dependence, benzodiazepine dependence, and depression. This patient is called from the lobby and ambulates to the exam room with an even, steady gait. Once in the examination room, privacy is provided and an interview and full assessment are conducted. I identify myself and the patient is identified using two identifiers and an identification band is placed on her wrist. I begin by obtaining a social history of the patient (Jarvis, 2012). She states she has never seen a psychiatrist and has been treated for depression by her primary healthcare provider. The patient is currently employed as a nurse practitioner/midwife with a county health department. She thoroughly enjoys her job and is fearful of losing her position due to chronic absenteeism related to her alcohol abuse. She reports consuming approximately one half gallon of liquor daily and has smoked one pack of cigarettes per day for twenty years. In her spare time she says that she enjoys sewing and gardening. The patient describes childhood as â€Å"normal†, had a â€Å"great relationship† with her father, but states â€Å"my mother loved my brother more than me, and nothing I did was good enough for her, even though I got straight a grades in school, and was active in church and band†. She further states â€Å"my mother used to beat me for waking up in the morning, becau se she said that I would eventually get into some kind of trouble†. †My brother is gay, but very successful working in Atlanta. I don’t see him enough, and I don’t hold what my mother did against him. I wish we saw more of each other. I got divorced over my drinking, so that was that, I could deal with all of it, up until my daughter died. Any other night I would have watched TV with her, but I was so tired that night. I went straight to bed and she decided to drive down to her brothers, 2 miles away. She made it about halfway, and was killed when she went off the road and hit a culvert, causing her car to roll several times. She died instantly†. Having obtained a social history, I begin obtaining medical history from the patient. The patient reports that she is allergic to codeine, Demerol, sulfa drugs, and Zithromax. She reports having a hysterectomy, cholecystectomy, and left foot ORIF. She is currently taking clonazepam, Lexapro, singular, and Xanax. She reports her mother and father had a history of alcohol abuse and are both deceased. My next assessment is a mental status examination. Having built a therapeutic relationship with the patient, I ask the patient if she has considered harming herself or had any command hallucinations (Jarvis, 2012). The patient denies any suicidal ideation or any hallucinations of any sort. The patient is well dressed, clean, pleasant, and cooperative. Her thought process is coherent with no ambivalence. The patients affect is calm and her appropriateness of mood to thought is normal. There is no depersonalization. The patient does not appear to be delusional, obsessive, or display ideas of reference. She is oriented to person, place, time, and situation. Vital signs are obtained and are all within normal limits. The patient denies any pain. Summary of finding My summary of finding is that this patient is suffering from depression, related to her divorce and the death of her daughter. Her needs include counseling, detox, and peer support. The patient’s education is an asset to her treatment. She has the support system of two sons. Stressors include her divorce due to her alcoholism and the sudden death of her daughter. Her coping methods include alcohol abuse, benzodiazepine abuse, and social isolation. SOAP note S: The patient reports feeling depressed and abusing alcohol and benzodiazepines. She denies suicidal ideation. O: The patient is well dressed, clean, pleasant, and cooperative. Her thought process is coherent with no ambivalence. The patients affect is calm and her appropriateness of mood to thought is normal. There is no depersonalization. The patient does not appear to be delusional, obsessive, or display ideas of reference. She is oriented to person, place, time, and situation. Vital signs are obtained and are all within normal limits. The patient denies any pain. A: The patient is suffering from depression related to her divorce and the death of her daughter. She could benefit from an inpatient rehab program. P: Prepare patient for lab draws to obtain baseline values, presence of drugs of abuse, and medical clearance. A call to the Georgia Crisis Access Line is anticipated for placement of the patient in an inpatient detoxification/rehabilitation program. Referral to grief counselor is also a possibility. References Jarvis, C. (2012). Physical Examination and Health Assessment [VitalSouce bookshelf version]. Retrieved from http://digitalbookshelf.southuniversity.edu/books/978-1-4377-0151-7/outline/5